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The critically endangered Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) has been surviving in India's riverine ecosystems for centuries. But rapid development and urbanisation have meant that this iconic reptile is now confined to just a few belts. Even in these areas, the species is under constant threat. Thousands of hatchlings are born every year, but their birth coincides with the monsoons, and as the rivers swell, many young ones get washed away. Predation is another cause of concern, with hatchlings even falling prey to jackals. To prevent this, the Madhya Pradesh Forest Department artificially incubates eggs and raises hatchlings to a certain age. This photo story showcases the life of this unique crocodilian species and the efforts of its custodians working tirelessly to ensure the maturity of young Gharial hatchlings.

Critically endangered Gharial Gavialis gangeticus
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The Gharial or Gavial is the only member of the crocodile family Gavialidae. They are also the only living crocodile species with visible sexual dimorphism. Adult male Gharials have a distinct bulbous growth at the end of their snout, which resembles a mud pot known as a 'ghara' in the Hindi language, giving the crocodilians their name. They are well-adapted to catching fish, using their long, narrow snout and sharp, interlocking teeth.
Gharials in River Chambal
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The Chambal river, which flows through Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh, is one of the key habitats of this species. During the winter months in India, shy and reclusive males are seen with females, marking the beginning of the breeding season.
Gharial hatching from egg
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During the incubation period, Gharial mothers stay close to their eggs. Incubation is temperature-dependent, averaging around 70 days (shorter when the temperature is higher).
Gharial hatchlings with eggs
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The sex of hatchlings is not determined by genes but by the temperature during incubation. Higher temperatures result in a higher percentage of males.

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Jackal predation on Gharial hatchlings in River Chambal
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Predation is high among Gharial hatchings as they are helpless during this stage without the protection of their mother. Natural predators like jackals can quickly wipe out a large number of hatchlings.
Sand mining in River Chambal with Gharials
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Disruption in the riverine ecosystem is a major concern for this freshwater reptile. Sand mining on river banks causes disturbance to the species, with females failing to find safe breeding grounds for their young ones.
Gharial breeding centre
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At the breeding centres run by the Madhya Pradesh Forest Department, Gharial hatchlings are cared for, ensuring a higher survival rate than in the wild.
Gharial in River Chambal
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The Gharial is an indicator of a healthy riverine ecosystem. Alas, in India, River Chambal and a few others are the last remaining strongholds of this species. Though thousands of hatchlings are born each year, only a percentage of them make it to adulthood and ensure the progeny of this singular crocodilian of the Indian subcontinent.